PyQt5 QCalendarWidget – 转储日历树

  • Post category:Python

让我们来详细讲解一下Python中PyQt5的QCalendarWidget控件如何操作,包括如何转储日历树。下面是完整的使用攻略:

1. 安装PyQt5库

使用PyQt5之前,请确保已经安装了PyQt5库,否则需要先安装PyQt5库。以下是安装PyQt5库的命令:

pip install PyQt5

2. 创建QCalendarWidget控件并显示

首先,创建QCalendarWidget控件并将其添加到主窗口中:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QCalendarWidget, QWidget, QVBoxLayout

class MyWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('QCalendarWidget示例')
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)

        central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)

        layout = QVBoxLayout(central_widget)

        cal = QCalendarWidget()
        layout.addWidget(cal)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MyWindow()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

运行代码,会出现一个空的窗口,并在其中显示一个日历控件。

3. 转储日历树

可以使用QCalendarWidget控件的selectedDate()方法来获取当前选中的日期,并使用该日期来获取日历树。下面是一个简单的示例:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QCalendarWidget, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel

class MyWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('QCalendarWidget示例')
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)

        central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)

        layout = QVBoxLayout(central_widget)

        cal = QCalendarWidget()
        cal.clicked[QDate].connect(self.onDateSelected)
        layout.addWidget(cal)

        self.label = QLabel(self)
        layout.addWidget(self.label)

    def onDateSelected(self, date):
        tree = self.getCalendarTree(date)
        self.label.setText(tree)

    def getCalendarTree(self, date):
        year = date.year()
        month = date.month()
        day = date.day()

        tree = f'{year}\n'
        tree += f' |-{month}\n'
        tree += '    '
        for i in range(1, QDate(year, month, 1).dayOfWeek()):
            tree += '|'
        for i in range(1, QDate(year, month, 1).daysInMonth() + 1):
            if i == day:
                tree += f'[ {i} ]'
            else:
                tree += f' {i} '
            if (QDate(year, month, i).dayOfWeek() == 7 or i == QDate(year, month, 1).daysInMonth()):
                tree += '\n'
                tree += '    '

        return tree

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MyWindow()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

在上面的代码中,我们使用了clicked[QDate].connect()来连接QCalendarWidget控件的日期选择信号,当用户选择一个日期时onDateSelected()方法会被调用,该方法在日历树中显示选定日期的日历。getCalendarTree()方法用于获取和构造日历树字符串。

运行代码,当用户选择一个日期时日历树会自动显示在界面上。

4. 示例

以下是一个完整的示例,可以看出QCalendarWidget控件与日历树之间的交互:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import QDate, Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QCalendarWidget, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel

class MyWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('QCalendarWidget示例')
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 800, 600)

        central_widget = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)

        layout = QVBoxLayout(central_widget)

        cal = QCalendarWidget()
        cal.clicked[QDate].connect(self.onDateSelected)
        layout.addWidget(cal)

        self.label = QLabel(self, alignment=Qt.AlignTop)
        layout.addWidget(self.label)

    def onDateSelected(self, date):
        tree = self.getCalendarTree(date)
        self.label.setText(tree)

    def getCalendarTree(self, date):
        year = date.year()
        month = date.month()
        day = date.day()

        tree = f'<h2>{QDate.longMonthName(month)} {year}</h2>'
        tree += '<table border=1>'
        tree += '<tr><th>一</th><th>二</th><th>三</th><th>四</th><th>五</th><th>六</th><th>日</th></tr>'
        tree += '<tr>'
        for i in range(1, QDate(year, month, 1).dayOfWeek()):
            tree += '<td>&nbsp;</td>'
        for i in range(1, QDate(year, month, 1).daysInMonth() + 1):
            if i == day:
                tree += f'<td>{i}</td>'
            else:
                tree += f'<td>{i}</td>'
            if (QDate(year, month, i).dayOfWeek() == 7 or i == QDate(year, month, 1).daysInMonth()):
                tree += '</tr><tr>'
        tree += '</tr>'
        tree += '</table>'

        return tree

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MyWindow()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())  

通过该示例可以看出,我们可以在选定日期的基础上构建一个HTML格式的月历,对于网站需求,可以直接输出该HTML格式的月历。当然,这里用到的HTML是非常简单的,需要继续优化以适应更多的需求。