常见的Java并发编程框架有以下几个:
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Java并发包 – java.util.concurrent:Java标准库的一部分,提供了各种并发编程相关的工具类和接口,如线程池、阻塞队列、原子操作等,可以让开发人员在编写并发代码时更加轻松。
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Akka:一种基于Actor模型的高并发编程框架,能够轻松地构建分布式、高容错性的应用。通过利用Actor模型的特性,Akka可以提供高效的轻量级并发管理,还可以通过Akka Cluster将应用分布式部署。
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Netty:一种高性能的网络编程框架,可以轻松地构建网络通信应用,如服务器、客户端,还可以提供异步、事件驱动的编程模型,以及高效的网络IO操作支持。
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Disruptor:一种高性能、低延迟的并发框架,可以支持数百万并发事件的处理,适用于需要低延迟和高吞吐量的业务场景,例如金融交易系统等。
下面分别对以上几个框架进行使用攻略:
Java并发包
Java并发包主要提供了线程池、阻塞队列、原子操作等工具,以下是一个基于线程池的示例:
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建线程池
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// 提交任务
executor.submit(new Task(i));
}
// 关闭线程池
executor.shutdown();
}
static class Task implements Runnable {
private int num;
public Task(int num) {
this.num = num;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Task " + num + " is running.");
}
}
}
上面代码中,通过Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5)
创建了一个线程池,容量为5,然后通过executor.submit(new Task(i))
来提交任务。最后通过executor.shutdown()
关闭线程池。
Akka
Akka基于Actor模型,以下是一个简单的使用示例:
import akka.actor._
case object Message
class MyActor extends Actor {
def receive = {
case Message => println("Hello Akka!")
case _ => println("Unknown message.")
}
}
object AkkaDemo extends App{
val system = ActorSystem("mySystem")
val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor], "myActor")
myActor ! Message
// 关闭ActorSystem
system.terminate()
}
上面代码中,首先定义了一个MyActor
,然后通过ActorSystem创建Actor,并向Actor发送一个Message
消息。最后通过system.terminate()
关闭ActorSystem。
Netty
Netty封装了Java NIO,提供了更高效的网络编程解决方案。以下是一个简单的Echo Server示例:
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
public class EchoServer {
private int port;
public EchoServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void run() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(
new StringDecoder(),
new StringEncoder(),
new EchoServerHandler());
}
})
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("Echo Server started on port " + port);
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new EchoServer(8888).run();
}
}
上面代码中,通过ServerBootstrap
来设置服务端Channel,并且设置了childHandler
来添加业务处理逻辑,最后通过f.channel().closeFuture().sync()
来阻塞主线程,等待服务端关闭。
Disruptor
以下是一个基于Disruptor实现的简单消费者生产者模型的示例:
import com.lmax.disruptor.RingBuffer;
import com.lmax.disruptor.dsl.Disruptor;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public class DisruptorDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 创建一个线程工厂
ThreadFactory threadFactory = r -> new Thread(r, "disruptor-thread");
// 创建一个事件类
class Event {
private ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
public ByteBuffer getBuffer() {
return buffer;
}
}
// 创建一个事件生产者
class EventProducer {
private RingBuffer<Event> ringBuffer;
public EventProducer(RingBuffer<Event> ringBuffer) {
this.ringBuffer = ringBuffer;
}
public void onData(ByteBuffer buffer) {
long sequence = ringBuffer.next();
try {
Event event = ringBuffer.get(sequence);
event.getBuffer().put(buffer.array());
} finally {
ringBuffer.publish(sequence);
}
}
}
// 定义一个事件处理器
class EventConsumer {
private String name;
public EventConsumer(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void onEvent(Event event) {
byte[] bytes = event.getBuffer().array();
System.out.println(name + " consume " + bytes[0] + bytes[1]);
}
}
// 创建一个Disruptor
Disruptor<Event> disruptor = new Disruptor<>(Event::new, 1024, threadFactory);
// 创建事件消费者
EventConsumer consumer1 = new EventConsumer("consumer1");
EventConsumer consumer2 = new EventConsumer("consumer2");
// 注册事件消费者
disruptor.handleEventsWith(consumer1, consumer2);
// 启动Disruptor
disruptor.start();
// 获取RingBuffer
RingBuffer<Event> ringBuffer = disruptor.getRingBuffer();
// 创建事件生产者
EventProducer producer = new EventProducer(ringBuffer);
// 生产事件
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
for (byte i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
buffer.clear();
buffer.put(i);
buffer.put((byte) (i + 1));
producer.onData(buffer);
}
// 关闭Disruptor
disruptor.shutdown();
}
}
上面代码中,通过Disruptor.createSingleProducer
方法创建了一个Disruptor,然后定义了一个Event类,并通过Disruptor.handleEventsWith
方法注册了两个事件消费者。最后通过创建一个事件生产者,来生产事件,并通过disruptor.shutdown()
关闭Disruptor。